Quan Heng《Logical Criticism of Capital and Its Development: A Theoretical Analysis Framework》

The 2023 Annual Papers of the Shanghai Federation of Social Science Associations:

Logical Criticism of Capital and Its Development: A Theoretical Analysis Framework

Quan Heng

( Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences，Shanghai 200020，China)

FUDAN JOURNAL (Social Sciences), No.6, 2022

Abstract: Marx's political economy on the logic of capital and its critical analysis scientifically pointed out the “duality”of capital under the conditions of capitalism，that is，capital has the positive role of“material civilization” and“the first driving force”of liberating and promoting the development of productive forces，but it also has the logic dilemma of unlimited pursuit of value proliferation． For this reason，Marx criticized the logic of capital in “Das Kapital．”Based on the theory of utility value，western mainstream economists ignore the operational laws and historical limitations of capital factors in specific production relations，especially under the capitalist mode of production and economic system． They only emphasize capital as an important factor of production and its role in promoting economic growth，but cannot scientifically and comprehensively understand the laws and attributes of capital． The socialist market economy theory organically combines the socialist basic economic system with the market economy，emphasizing that it not only gives full play to the superiority of the socialist system，realizes social fairness and justice，prevents the “logical dilemma”of capital，but also gives full play to the decisive role of the market mechanism in the allocation of capital and other production factors，and pays attention to the positive role of capital in the development of modern economy． From the perspective of Party leadership，people's subjectivity，ownership structure，distribution system，the socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics has internally defined the development direction and purpose of capital in the new era，and it also provided institutional guarantee for the healthy development of capital in the new era，also help to avoid the traditional“capital logic”and its difficulties，and provided a positive role for various types of capital that make major contributions in the historical process of building a modern country and realizing national rejuvenation． Through a comprehensive comparative analysis，we can see that only by persisting in the basic principles and methods of Marxist productivity and production relations can we truly scientifically and deeply understand capital theory and guide the healthy and high-quality development of capital today．